![]() The main objective of this paper is to assess the accuracy of a 2D numerical simulation of physical models in predicting the dynamic response of pile foundations and to identify the capability of 2D numerical simulation for 3D effects such as shadow and neighboring effects in pile groups without a pile cap. The soil-pile interaction has been properly considered by using interface elements. A nonlinear effective stress analysis incorporating an elastoplastic constitutive model based on Finite Difference Method (FLAC 2D program) was used to numerically simulate shake table experiment on piles in laterally spreading soils. During liquefaction-induced lateral spreading, this vulnerability is particularly conspicuous due to a loss of strength and stiffness in the liquefied soil. Pile foundations are relatively vulnerable to lateral loads.
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